ABSTRACTIONS FROM PRECIPITATION
Before the basin can reach the outflow of rainwater as a surface flow or streamflow, it must meet some of the demands of the basin, such as deposition, deposition, deposition and evaporation, and infiltration.
A portion of the precipitation can be caught by vegetation on the ground and then evaporated. This part of the rainfall is called intermittent rainfall or loss of interference (which, incidentally, is the benefit of atmospheric water), which does not include thru-fall (the water dripping from the leaves of the plant to join the surface flow) and the trunk flow (the inhibited water that runs through the leaves, branches, and trunk of the plant to reach the ground surface).
Barrier loss is primarily dependent on storm characteristics and vegetation type and density.
Depression accumulation is the portion of rain that fills all of the lows on the ground before it reaches the surface flow.
It depends primarily on you:
(i) Soil characteristics
(ii) the number of ground lows and
(iii) Precipitation that determines soil moisture levels.
Evaporation is a physical phenomenon through which the liquid is converted into gas. Depends on the rate of evaporation of rain
(i) water vapor pressure,
(ii) the prevailing temperature,
(iii) wind speed, and
(iv) Atmospheric pressure.
Transpiration is a phenomenon whereby the water received by the plant through its root system leaves the plant and reaches the atmosphere in the form of water vapor.
Watch this for a better understanding of abstractions from precipitation:
Evaporation and breathing are generally considered to be evaporation (or use-of-use), art. 3.7. Infiltration is the passage of water into the soil from the soil surface and is different than the percolation of the gravitational flow of water into the soil.
Infiltration The infiltration cannot continue unless the surface water is removed from the soil. The maximum rate at which soil absorbs water at a given time is called the infiltration capacity, fc, expressed in cm/hour.
The actual (prevailing) rate of infiltration at any given time is expressed in the presence of rainfall intensity.
The ability to infiltrate depends on a number of factors, including soil properties, moisture content, and vegetation or organic matter.
Porosity is the most important characteristic of soil that affects infiltration. Forest soil, rich in organic matter
Matter, which has a relatively high infiltration capacity, mostly due to the corresponding increase in porosity.
Also, infiltration capacity in a particular soil decreases with time from the onset of rainfall, mainly due to increasing levels of soil saturation.
Therefore, it is clear that soil infiltration capacity varies over a wide range of values depending on several factors.
The typical values of sand and clay fc are about 12 mm / h and 1.5 mm / h, respectively. Good grass cover can increase these values up to 10 times.
The complexity of the theoretical estimation of infiltration capacity due to its complexity has led to the use of infiltration indices.
The simplest of these indices is the φ-index, which is defined as the amount of precipitation equal to the volume of the flow.
This means that other initial losses (such as inhibition, evaporation, and depressive accumulation) are considered intrusive.
The φ-index can be obtained from the precipitation histogram, Figure 2.12. In this histogram, the horizontal line is drawn, which means that the shaded area above the line corresponds to the measured flow.
Thank you for gaining knowledge about abstractions from precipitation.
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