Methods Of Traversing

For a general survey, chaining is probably the most common. Steel tape and theodolite need to be used for accuracy to travel normally. However, any combination of linear and angular measuring instruments can be used. The various methods of traversing are mentioned below.

1. Through the Chain

Linear, as well as angular measurements, are made only with the help of a chain and tape. This is a very crude method and cannot be relied upon.

2. Free or Loose Needle Method

In this method, linear measurements are made with the help of a chain or tape and the bearings are measured with the help of a compass.

However, The rear and rear bearings of the lines are viewed at each station. The results obtained by this method
Generally, the following two methods are not accurate.

3. Fast needle method

In this method, linear measurements are made with the aid of a chain or tape, and the bearings are measured with the help of a theodolite, whose telescope is alternately read back and forth.

Moreover, If the line of friction is not properly adjusted, it can be observed that the angles involved are in error. The advantage of this method is that the bearings are obtained directly.

Also Read: Horizontal alignment

Works can be checked during progress and errors can be detected and corrected immediately. Also, the fieldwork is less cumbersome compared to the way angles are measured and the calculations are simple.

4. By measuring angles

In this hierarchical approach, angular measurements, i.e., deflection angles, azimuth, and measurement of the right or the involved angles are performed directly with the theodolite. However, This is the most accurate method of travel.

The disadvantage of this method, however, is that it can only be checked if the traverse is closed. Deflection angle traversing is commonly used for open travel, e.g. for a survey of highways, railways, pipelines, transmission lines, etc.

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While many details need to be traversed by traverse stations, only a few details remain when the right-angled traversing method is used, especially for open traverses.

This travel method is similar to the azimuth method, but the rearview is taken to the previous station at each station and the A-Vernier is set to zero.

Also Read: Construction surveying

This is also called the azimuth method from the backline. The azimuth method is commonly used for topographic surveys with a large number of details from the theodolite station. The angle travers involved are mainly used for land surveying.

The angles method has an advantage, which is that the error in any collision line does not seriously affect the results and the angles can any required level of accuracy can be observed within the limits.

Also Read: Total station traversing