Classification Of Surveying

 CLASSIFICATION OF SURVEYING:

classification of surveying:

Surveys can be classified under headings that define the uses or purpose of the outcome maps.

(A) CLASSIFICATION BASED UPON THE NATURE OF THE FIELD SURVEYING

(1) Land Surveying

(a) TopograPhical Surveys:

It includes the horizontal and vertical location of some points by linear and angular measurements and is done to determine the natural features of the country such as rivers, streams, lakes, forests, hills, and such artificial features. As roads, railways, canals, towns, and villages.

(b) Cadastral Surveys:

Cadastral surveys are a matter of fixing property lines, calculating terrain, or transferring land property from one owner to another. They are also prepared to fix the boundaries of municipalities and state and federal jurisdictions.

(iii) City Surveying:

They are made for the construction of streets. Water supply systems, sewers, and other functions.

(2) Marine or Hydrographic Survey:

An ocean or hydrographic survey deals with bodies of water for the purpose of determining navigation, water supply, port works, or average sea level.

This work involves measuring the discharge of streams, topographic surveying of shores and banks, taking and detecting sounds to determine the depth of the water, and observing the fluctuations of the ocean tide.

(3) Astronomical Survey:

An astronomical survey gives the surveyor methods of determining the absolute location of any point or the absolute location and direction of any line on the surface of the earth. It includes observations of heavenly bodies. Sun or any other fixed star.

classification of survey

(B) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE OBJECT OF SURVEYING

(1) Engineering Survey.

This is undertaken to obtain sufficient data for the determination of quantities or for engineering design. Works with roads and reservoirs or sewage disposal or water supply crust.

(2)Military Survey:

This survey is used for determining points of strategic importance.

(3) Mine Survey:

It is used to explore mineral wealth.

(4) Geological Survey:

It is used to determine different layers in the Earth’s crust.

(5) Archaeological Survey:

It is used to find remains of antiquity.

(C) CLASSIFICATION BASED ON INSTRUMENTS USED

A various classifications may be based upon the instruments or methods employed, the chief types being :

(1) Chain survey,

(2) Theodolite survey,

(3) Traverse survey,

(4) Triangulation survey,

(5) Tacheometric survey,

(6) Plane table survey,

(7) Phorogrammetric survey and,

(8) Aerial survey.

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