12 Common building stones of India:
In India, there are many types of stones and most of them are suitable for building construction for more details read the following amazing posts.
There are common building stones of India are:
1) Basalt and trap
2) chalk
3) Gneiss
4) Granite
5) Kankar
6) Laterite
7) Limestone
8) Marble
9) Murum
10) Quartzite
11) Sandstone
12) Slate
1) Basalt and trap:
Classification: Igneous
Qualities: Hard and tough; difficult to work. It’s sp. gr. is 3 and compressive strength varies from 1530 to 1890 kg / cm2 •
Uses: Road metal. for rubble masonry, foundation work, etc.
Localities: Maharashtra, Bihar. Gujarat, Bengal and M.P.
2) Chalk:
Classification: Sedimentary
Qualities: Pure white limestone, soft and easy to form a powder.
Uses: In preparing glazier’s putty, as colouring material in manufacture of portland cement.
Localities: Same as limestone.
3) Gneiss:
Classification: Metamorphic
Qualities: Splits into thin slabs: easy to work. Its sp. gr. is 2.69 and compressive strength is 2100 kg/cm2 •
Uses : Street paving, rough stone masonry work, etc.
Localities: Madras, Mysore, Bihar. A.P, Maharashtra, Bengal, Kerala and Gujarat.
For better Understanding Watch the video below:
4) Granite:
Classification: Igneous
Qualities: Hard, durable and available in different colours. Highly resistant to natural force, can take a nice polish. Its sp. gr. varies from 2·G to ‘2·7 and compressive strength varies from 770 to 1300 kg /cm2.
Uses: Steps, sills, facing work, walls, bridge piers, columns, road metal, ballast, etc. It is unsuitable for carving.
Localities: Kashmir, Madras, Punjab, Rajasthan, U.P., M.P., Mysore, Maharashtra. Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Kerala and Gujarat.
5) Kankar:
Classification: Sedimentary.
Qualities: Impure limestone.
Uses: Road metal. manufacture of hydraulic lime, etc.
Localities: North and Central India.
6) Laterite:
Classification: Metamorphic.
Qualities: Porous and spongy structure, easily quarried in a block, contain high percentage of oxide of iron; available in a different colour. Its compressive strength varies from 18 to 32 kg/cm2 •
Uses: Building stone. road metal, rough stone masonry work. etc.
Localities: Bihar, Orissa, Mysore, U.P, Maharashtra. Kerala. A.P. and Madras.
7) Limestone:
Classification: Sedimentary.
Qualities: Consists of carbonate of lime, easy to work. It’s sp. gr. varies from 2.00 to 2.75 and compressive strength is 550 kg/cm2.
Uses Floors, steps, walls. road metal, manufacture of lime in blast furnaces, etc.
Localities: Maharashtra, Rajasthan. Punjab, Gujarat, Andaman Islands, Bengal, Bihar, A.P., Hima chal Pradesh, M.P. and U.P.
Important interview Question Dressing of stones (types)
8) Marble:
Classification: Metamorphic.
Qualities: Can take a good polish and is available in different colours. Its sp. gr. is 2.65 and compressive strength is 720 kg/cm2 •
Uses: Flooring, facing work, columns, steps, ornamental work, etc. It can take a nice polish. It can easily be sawn and carved.
Localities: Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, A.P, Mysore, M.P and U.P.
9) Murum:
Classification: Metamorphic
Qualities: Decomposed laterite’, deep brown or red in colour.
Uses: Blindage for metal roads, for fancy paths and garden walls.
Localities: Same as Laterite.
10) Quartzite:
Classification: Metamorphic
Qualities: Hard. brittle, crystalline and compact; difficult to work and dress.
Uses: Retaining walls, road metal, concrete aggregate, pitching, rubble masonry, facing of buildings, etc.
Localities: Bengal, A.P., Himachal Pradesh, Madras, U.P, Mysore, Gujarat, Punjab and Rajasthan.
11) Sandstone:
Classification: Sedimentary
Qualities: Consists of quartz and other minerals, easy to work and dress and available in different colours. Its sp. gr. varies from 2.65 to 2.95 and compressive strength is 650 kg/cm2.
Uses: Steps, facing work, columns. flooring, walls, road metal, ornamental carving, etc.
Localities: A.P., M.P., Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat. Andaman Islands, Bengal, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Kashmir, Madras and U.P.
12) Slate:
Classification: Metamorphic
Qualities: Black colour and splits, long natural bedding plane,: non-absorbent. Its sp. gr. is 2.89 and compressive strength varies from 770 to 2110 kg/cm2.
Uses: Roofing work, sills. dampproof courses, etc.
Localities: U.P, LP., Bihar, Madras, Rajasthan and Mysore.
Conclusion:
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